Are you an F-1 student looking to gain practical experience in your field of study while completing your academic program in the United States? Optional Practical Training (OPT) might be the perfect opportunity for you. Here’s a comprehensive overview of what OPT entails and how you can take advantage of this valuable program.

OPT Overview

OPT is a temporary employment authorization granted to F-1 students, allowing them to work in their field of study. Unlike Curricular Practical Training (CPT), OPT has its own set of rules and requirements, making it a distinct opportunity for students to enhance their educational experience.

OPT Eligibility and Requirements

Completion of One Academic Year

To qualify for OPT, you must have been lawfully enrolled full-time at an SEVP-approved school for at least one full academic year. For graduate students, this requirement can be waived if your program requires immediate participation in practical training.

Direct Relationship to Major Area of Study

OPT employment must be directly related to your major area of study. Whether you opt for pre-completion or post-completion OPT, the job you take on should align with the knowledge and skills you’ve acquired during your academic journey.

Not for English Language Training

Students enrolled solely in English language training programs are not eligible for OPT. However, if you’re in another academic program and need additional English training, you may still qualify.

Types of OPT

Pre-Completion OPT

This type of OPT allows you to work part-time (up to 20 hours per week) while school is in session and full-time during breaks and vacations. Any time spent on pre-completion OPT counts toward the total 12 months allowed for each educational level.

Post-Completion OPT

Available after you complete your academic program, post-completion OPT comes in two forms: standard and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) OPT.

• Standard OPT: Typically limited to 12 months, it must be completed within 14 months after graduation. You can apply for standard OPT at each higher educational level.

• STEM OPT: If you have a degree in a designated STEM field, you may be eligible for a 24-month extension on top of your initial 12 months of standard post-completion OPT. A confirmed job offer is mandatory for STEM OPT.

Application Process

DSO Recommendation and SEVIS

Your application process for OPT begins with a recommendation from your Designated School Official (DSO) in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS). The DSO will specify whether it’s for part-time or full-time employment and provide start and end dates.

Form I-765 and Form I-20

Following the DSO’s recommendation, you need to file Form I-765 with USCIS, along with your Form I-20 that bears the DSO’s endorsement for OPT.

Application Filing Deadlines

It’s crucial to adhere to strict deadlines to avoid denial of your OPT application. For post-completion OPT, the application window opens 90 days before your program end date and closes 60 days after the program end date. Ensure you file Form I-765 within 30 days after the DSO updates SEVIS and provides the updated Form I-20.

Supporting Documentation

Besides Forms I-765 and I-20, you may need to provide supporting documents like photocopies of your passport, I-94, and previous I-20s. Requirements can vary, so check with USCIS for specifics.

Maintaining Status While on OPT

Employment Requirements

OPT is designed for practical experience. You can have multiple employers, short-term gigs, or even work-for-hire arrangements. Self-employment may also permitted.

Unemployment Limitations

During the initial 12 months of post-completion OPT, you can accrue no more than 90 days of unemployment. This limit extends to 150 days for STEM OPT students over the 36-month period. Exceeding these limits can jeopardize your F-1 status.

Reporting Requirements

Accurate record-keeping and reporting any changes in your employment status are crucial. STEM OPT students have additional obligations, such as submitting self-evaluations and employer attestations.

Other Important Information

Grace Period After OPT

Upon completion of OPT, you have a 60-day grace period to prepare for departure, transfer to another school, or apply for a change of status.

Cap-Gap Extension

F-1 students who have applied for an H-1B change of status and are subject to the H-1B cap may be eligible for a "cap-gap" extension. This may extend F-1 status and work authorization until October 1st, bridging the gap between the OPT end date and the H-1B start date.

Automatic Termination of OPT

Transferring to another school or starting a new academic program will automatically terminate your OPT. Always consult with your DSO before making any changes to your academic plans while on OPT.

Disclaimer

This overview is based on the current information about Optional Practical Training for F-1 visa holders. For the most up-to-date and specific guidance, always seek advice from an immigration attorney.

If you have specific questions or need personalized guidance on OPT or other F-1 visa-related matters, our experienced immigration attorneys are here to help. Contact us today to ensure you're fully informed and prepared to make the most of your OPT experience. Your journey to a successful career in the United States starts with the right support!